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ESTRUCTURA ESPACIO‐TEMPORAL DE LA DIVERSIDAD TAXONÓMICA Y FUNCIONAL DE COLIBRÍES EN LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA EL TRIUNFO, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO

RESUMEN ∙ La diversidad taxonómica y funcional de las comunidades de aves está determinada por la distribución espacio‐temporal y la densidad de las poblaciones de las especies que las integran. La diversidad puede variar según el gradiente de elevación, en general al aumentar la elevación se reduce la riqueza de especies, como es el caso en algunas comunidades de colibríes (Trochilidae). En este estudio se evaluó la distribución, la densidad, la diversidad taxonómica y funcional de tres comunidades de colibríes en diferentes elevaciones y temporadas en la Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo, Chiapas, México. Establecimos transectos en tres elevaciones (300 a 2500 m s.n.m.), los cuales se recorrieron durante tres temporadas (secas, lluvias y post‐lluvias) de 2015 a 2016. Asimismo, obtuvimos datos morfométricos de las especies para analizar rasgos funcionales (i.e., masa corporal, longitud y curvatura del pico) y evaluar la diversidad funcional de las comunidades. Los resultados indican que la mayor diversidad de colibríes ocurrió en la elevación media, y no hubo variación significativa de la diversidad entre temporadas. De acuerdo a los rasgos funcionales medidos, solo la masa corporal mostró diferencias con la altura, siendo mayor en elevaciones altas. Los valores de la diversidad funcional obtenidos fueron similares entre elevaciones, pero la divergencia fue mayor en la elevación baja, y la especialización fue mayor en elevaciones media y baja. Esto indica una diferenciación de nichos en la elevación baja y un efecto ambiental en la elevación alta, lo que estructuraría las comunidades de colibríes en nuestro sitio de estudio.Abstract ∙ Spatio‐temporal structure of the taxonomic and functional diversity of hummingbirds at the biosphere reserve El Triunfo, Chiapas, Mexico The taxonomic and functional diversity of bird communities is determined by the spatio‐temporal distribution and population density of their constitutive species. Diversity can change along environmental gradients and one of these patterns shows that as the elevation increases bird richness is reduced, as has been observed in some communities of hummingbirds. We evaluated the distribution, taxonomic and functional structure of three hummingbird (Trochilidae) communities at El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, Mexico. We established transects where we performed counts at three elevations (300 to 2500 m a.s.l.) and during three seasons (dry, rainy, and post‐rainy) from 2015 to 2016. We also obtained morphometric data from the species to analyze functional traits (i.e., body mass, length, and curvature of the bill) and functional diversity. The results indicate that the highest species diversity of hummingbirds occurred at intermediate elevation, and that there was no significant variation in diversity among seasons. Out of the functional traits measured only body mass showed differences, being higher at high elevations. Functional diversity values were similar across elevations, but the divergence was higher at low elevations, and the degree of specialization was higher at medium and low elevations. This suggests a differentiation of niches at low elevations and an environmental filtering effect at high elevation, which structure hummingbird communities at our study site

CONTRIBUCIÓN DEL CAPITAL SOCIAL EN LA MICROEMPRESA RURAL

The present study research identified the level of social capital in a small enterprise and its impact in the company itself. In Latin America, the importance of this concept lies in its relevance because diverse disciplines uses it as a reference setting, today it is used not only as part of political science and sociology, but also as part of the organization theory, economics, human behavior and management. It put emphasis in the relationships among people, among organizations and not in the individuals as isolated subjects. One of its advantages is that the social capital can contribute in the analysis of the small local communities from a social perspective and economical development. Because of the nature of the data handled in this study a qualitative design was adopted, and it was used the method case study, selecting for that matter the small enterprise Koolel Kab S. de R.L. Mi. The results of the study show that the origin of enterprise was an initiative of the partners who share the same objectives. It was verified the presence of social capital, which has permitted them to access to new information, to improve its commercialization, to obtain more funds, to develop new products and improve its production and sales. Based on these, we can conclude that social capital has contributed mainly to improve aspects such as learning and knowledge generation, innovation and management processes.Social capital, small enterprise, social development, network, learning, knowledge generation and innovation., Agribusiness,

Programa de educación para la salud de prevención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual en jóvenes

Introducción: Las enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS) son enfermedades transmitidas por vía sexual, comprendiendo el sexo oral, vaginal o anal sin la utilización de preservativo; diversos líquidos corporales teniendo que contactar con un tejido lesionado o mucosa para poder transmitirse; además de la transmisión vertical. Se trata de un problema de salud pública, ya que cada día se contagian más de un millón de personas con ITS, y cada año unos 374 millones de personas adquieren ITS frecuentes, de las cuales aproximadamente un 25% se detectan en personas menores de 25 años. Estas infecciones pueden derivar en diversas complicaciones o secuelas graves como la infertilidad o el cáncer, entre otras. Los métodos de prevención de estas enfermedades son los métodos de barrera, incluyendo el preservativo masculino y el preservativo femenino.Objetivo principal: Realizar un programa de educación para la salud de prevención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual en jóvenes de Educación secundaria. Métodos: Se realiza una búsqueda bibliográfica utilizando diferentes bases de datos, con filtros como los años, el idioma o la gratuidad de éstos. Se ha buscado información en páginas de organismos oficiales como OMS o el Gobierno de Sanidad y en páginas de grupos de apoyo sobre este tema como OMSIDA.Conclusiones: Existe la necesidad de concienciar a la población joven, ya que poseen escasa o mala información de este tema. Para ello, enfermería tiene un importante papel educativo.Palabras clave: “enfermedades transmisión sexual”, “adolescente”, “prevención”, “jóvenes”, “sífilis”, “clínica”, “métodos anticonceptivos”.<br /

Functional analysis of seven genes encoding eight translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) isoforms in Drosophila

The Drosophila genome-sequencing project has revealed a total of seven genes encoding eight eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) isoforms. Four of them (eIF4E-1,2, eIF4E-3, eIF4E-4 and eIF4E-5) share exon/intron structure in their carboxy-terminal part and form a cluster in the genome. All eIF4E isoforms bind to the cap (m7GpppN) structure. All of them, except eIF4E-6 and eIF4E-8 were able to interact with Drosophila eIF4G or eIF4E-binding protein (4E-BP). eIF4E-1, eIF4E-2, eIF4E-3, eIF4E-4 and eIF4E-7 rescued a yeast eIF4E-deficient mutant in vivo. Only eIF4E-1 mRNAs and, at a significantly lower level, eIF4E3 and eIF4E-8 are expressed in embryos and throughout the life cycle of the fly. The transcripts of the remaining isoforms were detected from the third instar larvae onwards. This indicates the cap-binding activity relies mostly on eIF4E-1 during embryogenesis. This agrees with the proteomic analysis of the eIF4F complex purified from embryos and with the rescue of l(3)67Af, an embryonic lethal mutant for the eIF4E-1,2 gene, by transgenic expression of eIF4E-1. Overexpression of eIF4E-1 in wild-type embryos and eye imaginal discs results in phenotypic defects in a dose-dependent manner.Este documento tiene una corrección (ver documento relacionado).Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

From segment to somite: segmentation to epithelialization analyzed within quantitative frameworks

One of the most visually striking patterns in the early developing embryo is somite segmentation. Somites form as repeated, periodic structures in pairs along nearly the entire caudal vertebrate axis. The morphological process involves short- and long-range signals that drive cell rearrangements and cell shaping to create discrete, epithelialized segments. Key to developing novel strategies to prevent somite birth defects that involve axial bone and skeletal muscle development is understanding how the molecular choreography is coordinated across multiple spatial scales and in a repeating temporal manner. Mathematical models have emerged as useful tools to integrate spatiotemporal data and simulate model mechanisms to provide unique insights into somite pattern formation. In this short review, we present two quantitative frameworks that address the morphogenesis from segment to somite and discuss recent data of segmentation and epithelialization

Proyecto Pasta dental en cápsulas “Dentport”

Propone una pasta dental en cápsulas. Este producto pretende sustituir la presentación clásica de la pasta dental, de esta manera se podrá disminuir la merma que se gasta en las pastas dentales convencionales, así como dar un uso más higiénico al no presentar desperdicios en el producto. Otra ventaja que presentará el producto es su portabilidad y facilidad de transporte, lo cual beneficiará principalmente a personas ocupadas en el día a día por trabajo, estudios, viajes, etc.Propone una pasta dental en cápsulas. Este producto pretende sustituir la presentación clásica de la pasta dental, de esta manera se podrá disminuir la merma que se gasta en las pastas dentales convencionales, así como dar un uso más higiénico al no presentar desperdicios en el producto. Otra ventaja que presentará el producto es su portabilidad y facilidad de transporte, lo cual beneficiará principalmente a personas ocupadas en el día a día por trabajo, estudios, viajes, etc

Mutation of vsx genes in zebrafish highlights the robustness of the retinal specification network

Genetic studies in human and mice have established a dual role for Vsx genes in retina development: an early function in progenitors' specification, and a later requirement for bipolar-cells fate determination. Despite their conserved expression patterns, it is currently unclear to which extent Vsx functions are also conserved across vertebrates, as mutant models are available only in mammals. To gain insight into vsx function in teleosts, we have generated vsx1 and vsx2 CRISPR/Cas9 double knockouts (vsxKO) in zebrafish. Our electrophysiological and histological analyses indicate severe visual impairment and bipolar cells depletion in vsxKO larvae, with retinal precursors being rerouted toward photoreceptor or Müller glia fates. Surprisingly, neural retina is properly specified and maintained in mutant embryos, which do not display microphthalmia. We show that although important cis-regulatory remodelling occurs in vsxKO retinas during early specification, this has little impact at a transcriptomic level. Our observations point to genetic redundancy as an important mechanism sustaining the integrity of the retinal specification network, and to Vsx genes regulatory weight varying substantially among vertebrate species

Early recognition and management of side effects related to systemic anticancer therapy for advanced breast cancer

Objectives: Advances in science and technology have meant there are numerous treatment options available for people with advanced breast cancer (ABC). However, each therapeutic approach can cause side effects or adverse events, which can significantly affect the person's quality of life, overall well-being, and, in some instances, safety. This report presents an overview of the common side effects of systemic anticancer therapy and ways to manage them. Data Sources: Data sources include peer-reviewed articles sourced in electronic databases and national and international best practice guidelines (ESMO, ASCO, and MASCC guidelines). Conclusion: Systemic anticancer therapies have side effects that healthcare professionals need to know about to monitor and manage them in early stages. Nurses play an important role in patient education, early identification, monitoring, and management of treatment side effects. Implications for Nursing Practice: People with ABC face many challenges during their treatment journey. Oncology nurses, specialist nurses, and nurse practitioners can be of support by providing preventive measures and side effects management at an early stage. Nurses need to have a good understanding of toxicity management but also advanced tumor-specific cancer knowledge of the different subtypes of ABC and holistic assessment skills. They are also key to providing support and enhancing self-management and early recognition of side effects